OUR RESEARCH

Research projects

Non-invasive neuromodulation, biophysical modeling, stimulation optimization and experimental neurophysiology.

OUR APPROACH

From physical fields to neural responses.

We combine finite-element modeling, neural activation models, experimental measurements and data-driven methods to improve the precision, efficiency and safety of neurostimulation. Projects range from established journal studies to exploratory work in progress.

Neuroimaging and personalized neurostimulation optimization figure — Personalized neurostimulation estimation and optimization ↗

Multiscale neural model diagram — Modeling neural responses across multiple scales ↗

01 / CORTICAL MAPPING

TMS and AI for motor mapping

We combine transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), individualized electric-field modeling, input–output curves, motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and deep learning to understand and predict motor-cortex responses. We also quantify mapping reproducibility and coil-orientation effects.

TMS / rTMSMEPDeep learning

Selected journal papers

Atlas of Optimal Coil Orientation and Position for TMS: A Computational Study ↗Brain Stimulation, 11(4), 839–848 · 2018
A High-Resolution Computational Localization Method for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Mapping ↗NeuroImage, 172, 85–93 · 2018
Deep-Learning-Based Prediction of TMS-Induced Motor Evoked Responses from Flattened Individualized Cortical Electric Field Maps ↗AI, 7(8), 285 · 2026

02 / DEEP BRAIN & CORTICAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

Temporal interference stimulation and tES

Using individualized and population head models, we optimize multi-electrode configurations for deep targets while also studying cortical stimulation with tDCS and tACS. This theme covers focality, conductivity anisotropy, anatomical variability, pain modulation, neural oscillations, and MRI-light personalization strategies.

tTIStDCS / tACSElectrode optimization

Selected journal papers

Population-Optimized Electrode Montage Approximates Individualized Optimization in Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation ↗Computers in Biology and Medicine, 192, 110223 · 2025
Small Effects of Electric Field on Motor Cortical Excitability Following Anodal tDCS ↗iScience, 27(2) · 2024
Impact of Brain Anisotropy on Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: Numerical Analysis Toward Reliable Montage Optimization ↗Biomedical Engineering Letters, 16, 1035–1046 · 2026

03 / SPINAL CORD & ULTRASOUND

Trans-spinal interference stimulation and focused ultrasound

We design stimulation conditions that increase relative field strength at spinal targets while limiting superficial exposure, and we model focused ultrasound propagation, transmission, and heating in cranial and spinal anatomies. Lead-field methods, multi-objective optimization, and safety-oriented simulations are central to this work.

tISCStsFUSField and thermal modeling

Selected journal papers

Transcutaneous Interference Spinal Cord Stimulation: Leadfield-Based Pareto Optimization of Electrode Montages for Improved Focality ↗Biomedical Engineering Letters (online 2025; volume 16 in 2026) · 2025
Multiscale Computational Model Reveals Nerve Response in a Mouse Model for Temporal Interference Brain Stimulation ↗Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15 · 2021

04 / PERIPHERAL NERVES

Peripheral nerve activation and conduction control

We study motor and sensory peripheral-nerve stimulation through both experiments and modeling, including kHz interference currents, pulse timing, selectivity, and exploratory conduction-block strategies.

EMG / CMAPkHz currentsMultiscale models

Selected journal papers

Selective Stimulation of Nociceptive Small Fibers During Intraepidermal Electrical Stimulation: Experiment and Computational Analysis ↗Frontiers in Neuroscience · 2022
Synaptic Effect of Aδ-Fibers by Pulse-Train Electrical Stimulation ↗Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15 · 2021
Electrical Characterisation of Aδ-Fibres Based on Human In Vivo Electrostimulation Threshold ↗Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 588056 · 2021

05 / PERSONALIZATION

Personalized modeling, MRI, and AI

We build anatomically detailed electromagnetic and neural models from MRI and diffusion imaging. These simulations support subject-specific stimulation planning, tissue-property reconstruction, and data-driven prediction of neural responses.

FEMMRI / DTIAI estimation

Selected journal papers

Deep Learning-Based Development of Personalized Human Head Model with Non-Uniform Conductivity for Brain Stimulation ↗IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 39(7) · 2020
Development of Accurate Human Head Models for Personalized Electromagnetic Dosimetry Using Deep Learning ↗NeuroImage, 202, 116132 · 2019
End-to-End Semantic Segmentation of Personalized Deep Brain Structures for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation ↗Neural Networks, 125, 233–244 · 2020

06 / TRANSLATIONAL APPLICATIONS

Rehabilitation and clinical neurotechnology

In collaboration with clinical partners, we explore translational applications such as intraoperative motor-evoked-potential analysis, rehabilitation-oriented neurostimulation, and patient-centered modeling strategies.

RehabilitationIntraoperative MEPClinical collaboration

Selected journal papers

Corticomotoneuronal Model for Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Direct Brain Stimulation ↗International Journal of Neural Systems, 29(1), 1850026 · 2019
Visualizing Intraoperative Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potentials During Glioma Surgery for Predicting Postoperative Paralysis Prognosis ↗World Neurosurgery · 2025
Intraoperative Direct Subcortical Stimulation: Comparison of Monopolar and Bipolar Stimulation ↗Physics in Medicine & Biology, 63(22), 225013 · 2018

LABORATORY CAPABILITIES

Methods & resources

Shared numerical and experimental infrastructure supporting multiscale neural engineering.

Modeling & computation

Sim4Life and COMSOL Multiphysics
SimNIBS and realistic MRI-derived head models
Finite-element electric-field and acoustic modeling
Neural activation modeling
MATLAB, Python and machine-learning workflows

Measurements & experiments

Transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation
Neuronavigation and stimulation planning
Surface EMG, motor evoked potentials and nerve conduction
EEG and electrophysiological measurements
High-performance computational workstations

Research areas represent a mix of published, collaborative and in-progress studies. Project descriptions are not claims of clinical efficacy.