We have been analyzing engineering properties and those bilogical effects of various sugical energy devices. Especially, detour current of the bipolar vessel sealing systems and cavitation generated from usltrasound activated devices have been revealed to cause serious biological damages. We propose optimal usages of these surgical devices based on our experimental data.

Liposomes composed of phospholipids have been shown increased accumulation specificities into the lymphatic systems, and liposomal formulation of Indocyanin green (ICG) has been known to produce heat and reactive oxygen species with irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light. Liposomal formulation of a ICG derivate containing immune activating substances has been designed to induce anti-tumor immune responses in metastatic lymph nodes with NIR light irradiation in our laboratory .